Silo Category Hub

Valuation Hub

Master DCF, IRR, WACC, multiples, and interview-ready valuation workflows with examples and calculators.

Guided learning progression

Step 1

Net Present Value

NPV is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over a period of time, discounted at a specific rate.

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Step 2

Internal Rate of Return

IRR is the discount rate that makes the net present value (NPV) of all cash flows from a particular project equal to zero.

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Step 3

Discounted Cash Flow

DCF is a valuation method that estimates the value of an investment based on its expected future cash flows, discounted to present value.

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Step 4

Weighted Average Cost of Capital

WACC represents a company's blended cost of capital across all sources, including equity and debt, weighted by their proportion in the capital structure.

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Step 5

Terminal Value

Terminal value represents the value of a business beyond the explicit forecast period in a DCF model, assuming continued operations.

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Step 6

EV/EBITDA Multiple

EV/EBITDA compares a company's Enterprise Value to its Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization, providing a capital-structure-neutral valuation metric.

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Hub concepts directory

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Internal Rate of Return (IRR)

IRR is the discount rate that makes the net present value (NPV) of all cash flows from a particular project equal to zero.

Net Present Value (NPV)

NPV is the difference between the present value of cash inflows and outflows over a period of time, discounted at a specific rate.

Discounted Cash Flow (DCF)

DCF is a valuation method that estimates the value of an investment based on its expected future cash flows, discounted to present value.

Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)

WACC represents a company's blended cost of capital across all sources, including equity and debt, weighted by their proportion in the capital structure.

Terminal Value

Terminal value represents the value of a business beyond the explicit forecast period in a DCF model, assuming continued operations.

EV/EBITDA Multiple

EV/EBITDA compares a company's Enterprise Value to its Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation, and Amortization, providing a capital-structure-neutral valuation metric.

Enterprise Value (EV)

EV represents the total value of a company's operating business, independent of capital structure: Market Cap + Debt - Cash + Minority Interest + Preferred Stock.

Equity Value

Equity value (or market cap) is the value attributable solely to shareholders: Enterprise Value - Debt + Cash - Minority Interest - Preferred Stock.

Intrinsic Value

Intrinsic value is the true underlying worth of an asset based on fundamental analysis of future cash flows, independent of current market price.

Related tools & models

IRR CalculatorModel cash flows and hurdle-rate decisions.WACC CalculatorEstimate weighted average cost of capital.DCF CalculatorBuild a compact intrinsic-value model.

Topic deep dives

12 min readUnlocking DCF Valuation: Step-by-Step modeling

A comprehensive guide on constructing free cash flow projections, exit multiples, and sensitivity tables.

8 min readWhy IRR Can Fail (And When to Use NPV)

Understand the multiple IRR problem, reinvestment rate assumptions, and why NPV remains the gold standard.

10 min readWACC Hurdle Rates: Cost of Capital Explained

Deconstructing cost of equity, after-tax cost of debt, and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM).

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